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Malgorzata Busko, Mariusz Frukacz, Tadeusz Szczutko
Classification of precise levelling instruments referring to the measurements of historic city centres
| Conference Information: |
9th International Conference “Environmental Engineering”, 22–23 May 2014, Vilnius, LITHUANIA |
| Source: |
ICEE-2014 - International Conference on Environmental
Engineering |
| Book Series: |
International Conference on Environmental Engineering
(ICEE) Selected papers |
| ISSN: |
eISSN 2029-7092 online |
| ISBN: |
eISBN 978-609-457-640-9 |
| ISBN: |
ISBN 978-609-457-690-4 CD |
| Year: |
2014 |
| Publisher: |
Vilnius Gediminas Technical University Press Technika |
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Abstract
The inventory of the complexes of historic buildings requires, among others,
surveying, based on which changes in time would be monitored, including the value
of subsidence, inclination of walls, cracks, etc. The necessity of monitoring of
dislocations and subsidence of the ground occurs in different centuries old cities
in Poland. In Jarosław, the city in the Podkarpacie voivodeship, such necessity
mainly occurs in the main square, because the location of the city centre on the
scarp of the San River, which has the influence on the thickness and the kind of
cultural layer, where the objects are placed. A significant reason for monitoring
is also the presence of the underground historical cultural monuments occurring
within the main square.
The carried out measurements of the subsidence of historical objects in the region of the
old town, one should carry out with the use of proper sets for precise levelling. The
equipment applied in this type of measurements should provide a proper accuracy, its
class should, however, be justified economically.
In the Geodetic Metrology Laboratory of the Faculty of Mining Surveying and Environmental
Engineering of the AGH University of Science and Technology in Krakow, the studies
were carried out for two groups of levellers, precise and technical, as well as two
types of levelling rods: invar and fibreglass rods. Precise levellers require different
approach to the studies and classification other than technical levellers. The applied
studies were carried out according to the standards BN-78/8770-07, ISO 12857-1 and ISO 17123-2.
Based on the obtained results and table contained in standard BN-78/8770-07, the levellers were
given proper classes. After the analysis of the results of the carried out measurements
the optimal sets for this type of surveying were presented.
Keywords: checking; classification; levelling instruments; levelling rods; periodic monitoring.
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